are opposed to Darwin’s theory of
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natural selection. The faith of Darwin’s theory of evolution, the occurrence of a serious crisis. ① New Lamarckian and Darwinian. During this period in the late 19th century to early 20th century, there have been some of the new evolutionary doctrine. H. de Vries, Dutch botanist in the early 20th century, according to the variation of evening primrose genus species through mutation and produce the “mutation theory, as opposed to gradualism. This theory has been the support of many geneticists. Although the followers of some Lamarckian doctrine abandoned Lamarck’s concept of inner strength, but still insisted that acquired genetic, and that this is a major factor in evolution. Michurin doctrine in the Soviet Union by TD Lysenko advertised in the 1950s, emphasizing the biological directional variation of the direct impact of the environment, acquired to genetic. All of these
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ideas is called the new Lamarckian. AFL Weismann in 1883 with experiments to prove that acquired genetic errors, stressed that natural selection is to promote the power of biological evolution, his view was later known as neo-Darwinism. ② modern evolutionary
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doctrine. 20 to 30 years of the 20th century, first by RA Fisher, S. Wright and JBS Haldane, who biostatistics with Mendelian genetic particle theory combining re-interpretation of Darwin’s theory of natural selection, formed a group genetics. Later the CC abkfdield, T. Dobrzanski, J. Huxley, E. Meyer, FJ Ayala, GL Stebbins, GG Simpson and JW Valentine, etc. According to chromosome genetics, population genetics, the concept of species and the many disciplines of paleontology and molecular biology knowledge, the development of Darwinism, the establishment of the modern synthetic theory of evolution. The modern theory of evolution completely
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deny access to Genetic, emphasizing the progressive evolution, that evolution is the group rather than individual phenomenon, and re-affirmed the importance of natural selection overriding inherited and developed the doctrine of Darwinian evolution. To ③ neutral theory of punctuated equilibrium. In 1968, Japanese scholars Kimura owned raw materials of molecular biology, molecular evolution neutral theory (referred to as the neutral theory). At the molecular level
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, most of the variation in the majority of evolutionary changes within species, not by natural selection caused, but by those who choose to neutral or near neutral random drift of mutant alleles of the change, oppose The modern theory of evolution by natural selection to the omnipotence of view (see the neutral theory of molecular
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evolution). 1972 N. Eldredge and SJ Gould asked the “punctuated equilibrium” evolutionary model to explain the paleontological evolution of the apparent discontinuity and jumping, that the gradual evolution model based on natural selection, the following The line is the gradient mode, can not explain the kinds of taxa above the origin, opposed to modern Darwinism is the only progressive evolutionary perspective. The debate continues (see punctuated equilibrium).Small evolution and evolutionaryU.S. geneticist think RB usually natural selection can only be in the range of the
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species, the role of genes and produce a small evolutionary change, that is evolution; from one kind into another species evolution The steps you need another evolutionary way, that is the great evolution. He believes that macroevolution is through his hypothetical system mutation
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(genetic mutation involving the entire genome) achieved. So that you can suddenly produce a new species or even a new genus or new subjects.
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